A matrix A=[ai,j]∈Fn×n is called diagonal is ai,j=0 whenever i=j i.e.: A:=a1,100⋮00a2,20⋮000a3,3⋮0⋯⋯⋯⋱⋯000⋮an,nWe say the elements ai,i are “on the diagonal” of A.
Using this theorem we can say that if M(T)diagonalizable then M(T)=PDP−1=[v1T⋯vnT]λ100⋯⋱⋯00λn[v1T⋯vnT]−1where λ1,⋯,λn are eigenvalues of T and v1,⋯,vn are the corresponding eigenvectors.