Lagrange Theorem

Theorem (Lagrange)

If GG is a finite group and HH is a subgroup, then ∣G∣=[G:H]∣H∣|G|=[G:H]|H|In particular, ∣H∣∣∣G∣|H|\mid|G|.

Cor (Lagrange)

If GG is a finite group of order nn and x∈Gx\in G has order rr, then r∣nr\mid n. In particular ∀x∈G\forall x\in G xn=1x^{n}=1

Lemma (lcm order)

Let GG be a finite abelian group. Let x,y∈Gx,y\in G with orders r,sr,s. Then ∃z∈G\exists z\in G s.t. zlcm(r,s)=1z^{lcm(r,s)}=1i.e. ∃z∈G\exists z\in G of order lcm(r,s)lcm(r,s).

Lemma (Lagrange)

Let F\mathbb{F} be any field and f∈F[x]f\in\mathbb{F}[x] a polynomial of s.t. deg⁡f=n\deg f=n. Then ff has at most nn roots in F\mathbb{F}.