Lagrange Theorem

Theorem (Lagrange)

If GG is a finite group and HH is a subgroup, then G=[G:H]H|G|=[G:H]|H|In particular, HG|H|\mid|G|.

Cor (Lagrange)

If GG is a finite group of order nn and xGx\in G has order rr, then rnr\mid n. In particular xG\forall x\in G xn=1x^{n}=1

Lemma (lcm order)

Let GG be a finite abelian group. Let x,yGx,y\in G with orders r,sr,s. Then zG\exists z\in G s.t. zlcm(r,s)=1z^{lcm(r,s)}=1i.e. zG\exists z\in G of order lcm(r,s)lcm(r,s).

Lemma (Lagrange)

Let F\mathbb{F} be any field and fF[x]f\in\mathbb{F}[x] a polynomial of s.t. degf=n\deg f=n. Then ff has at most nn roots in F\mathbb{F}.