Theorem (Lagrange)
If G is a finite group and H is a subgroup, then ∣G∣=[G:H]∣H∣In particular, ∣H∣∣∣G∣.
Cor (Lagrange)
If G is a finite group of order n and x∈G has order r, then r∣n. In particular ∀x∈G xn=1
Lemma (lcm order)
Let G be a finite abelian group. Let x,y∈G with orders r,s. Then ∃z∈G s.t. zlcm(r,s)=1i.e. ∃z∈G of order lcm(r,s).
Lemma (Lagrange)
Let F be any field and f∈F[x] a polynomial of s.t. degf=n. Then f has at most n roots in F.