Joint probability function

Definition (Joint probability mass function)

For 2 RVs: Let X,YX,Y be two discrete RVs defined on the same sample space SS of a random experiment and taking values in the sets X,Y\mathscr{X},\mathscr{Y}. Then the joint pmf of XX and YY is px,y(x,y):=P(X=x,Y=x) , x∈X, y∈Yp_{x,y}(x,y):=P(X=x,Y=x) \ , \ x\in\mathscr{X}, \ y\in\mathscr{Y}

Proposition (Properties)

  1. p(x,y)≥0 ∀x∈X,y∈Yp(x,y)\ge 0 \ \forall x\in\mathscr{X},y\in\mathscr{Y}
  2. p(x,y)=0 ∀x∉X,y∉Yp(x,y)=0 \ \forall x\notin\mathscr{X},y\notin\mathscr{Y}
  3. ∑x∈X∑y∈Yp(x,y)=1\sum_{x\in\mathscr{X}}\sum_{y\in\mathscr{Y}}p(x,y)=1
  4. For A⊂X×YA\subset\mathscr{X}\times\mathscr{Y}, P((X,Y)∈A)=∑(x,y)∈Ap(x,y)P((X,Y)\in A)=\sum_{(x,y)\in A}p(x,y)

Definition (Joint probability density function)

XX and YY are jointly continuous if there exists a non-negative function f:R×R→[0,∞)f:\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}\to[0,\infty) such that for any reasonable set C⊂R2C\subset\mathbb{R}^2 (measurable), we have P((X,Y)∈C)=∫∫Cf(x,y)dxdyP((X,Y)\in C)=\int\int_Cf(x,y)dxdyRVs XX and YY are called jointly continuous and ff is their joint pdf.

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