Congruence

Definition (Congruence)

Let a,bZa,b\in\mathbb{Z}, we say aa is congruent to bb modulo mm if mabm|a-b or a=b+kma=b+km for some kZk\in\mathbb{Z}. We represent this relationship using the following notation ab (mod m)a\equiv b \ (\text{mod } m)

Theorem (Solution to Congruence)

The congruence axb(modm)ax\equiv b\pmod{m} where d=gcd(a,m)d=gcd(a,m) and dbd|b has a solution xa11b1(modm/d)x\equiv a_{1}^{-1}b_{1}\pmod{m/d}where a1=ad,b1=bda_{1}=\frac{a}{d},b_{1}=\frac{b}{d}.

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