Operator norm

Definition (Operator norm)

For some linear map A∈L(Rn;Rm)A\in \mathscr{L}(\mathbb{R}^{n};\mathbb{R}^{m}), the expression ∥A∥Rn,Rm=sup⁡{∥A(x)∥Rm∣∥x∥Rn=1}\lVert A \rVert _{\mathbb{R}^{n},\mathbb{R}^{m}}=\sup\{ \lVert A(\boldsymbol x) \rVert _{\mathbb{R}^{m}}\mid \lVert \boldsymbol x \rVert _{\mathbb{R}^{n}}=1 \}or for a linear functional ff ∥f∥=sup⁡x:∥x∥≠0∣f(x)∣∥x∥\lVert f \rVert = \sup_{x:\lVert x \rVert \neq 0} \frac{|f(x)|}{\lVert x \rVert } is the operator norm of AA.

Definition (Bounded in operator norm)

Let XX be a normed vector space. We say f∈Γ(X;R)f\in\Gamma(X;\mathbb{R}) is bounded (in the operator norm) if ∃M>0\exists M>0 such that ∣f(x)∣≤M∥x∥∀x∈X|f(x)|\le M\lVert x \rVert \quad\forall x\in X

Theorem (Principle of uniform boundedness (Banach-Steinhaus))

Let (X,∥⋅∥X),(Y,∥⋅∥Y)(X,\lVert \cdot \rVert_{X}),(Y,\lVert \cdot \rVert_{Y}) be Banach spaces. Let (ϕα)α∈Λ(\phi_{\alpha})_{\alpha\in\Lambda} be a family of continuous linear mappings s.t. ϕα:X→Y\phi_{\alpha}:X\to Y. Assume ∀x∈X:sup⁡α∈Λ∥ϕα(x)∥Y<∞\forall x\in X: \sup_{\alpha\in\Lambda}\lVert \phi_{\alpha}(x) \rVert_{Y}<\infty. Then sup⁡α∈Λ∥ϕα∥op<∞\sup_{\alpha\in\Lambda}\lVert \phi_{\alpha} \rVert _{\text{op}}<\inftywhere ∥ϕα∥op=sup⁡∥x∥X≤1∥ϕα(x)∥Y\lVert \phi_{\alpha} \rVert _{\text{op}}=\sup_{\lVert x \rVert _{X}\le 1}\lVert \phi_{\alpha}(x) \rVert _{Y}

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