Since v is Continuous:∫v(x)μ(dx):μ↦∫v(x)μ(dx) is lower semicontinuous.
This is because we can write v as the pointwise limit of nondecreasing family (vn)n∈N of continuous real-valued functions by
Let L(X) be the family of all functions on X that are lower semicontinuous and bounded below. Then v∈L(X)⟺∃{vn}⊂Cb(X):vn↑v.
Then using this we can prove the following lemma
Let X be polish spaces and v:X→R∪{+∞} a nonnegative, lower semicontinuous function. Let (μn)n∈N be a sequence of probability measures weakly converging to some μ∈P(X). Then ∫vdμ≤k→∞liminf∫vdμki.e. μ↦∫vdμ is lower semicontinuous.
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/3859243/characterization-of-weak-convergence-with-lower-semicontinuity \begin{proof} We first know that by the definition of lower semicontinuity that for l.s.c. f, the set {x∈X:f(x)>α},α∈Ris Open. Hence, we can then apply Portmanteau’s Theorem to get μ({x∈X:f(x)>α})≤k→∞liminfμk({x∈X:f(x)>α}).Now, integrating over the positive reals and applying Fatou’s Lemma we get 0∫∞μ({x∈X:f(x)>α})dα≤0∫∞k→∞liminfμk({x∈X:f(x)>α})dα≤k→∞liminf0∫∞μk({x∈X:f(x)>α})dαwhere the first inequality is simply by monotonicity of the integral and the second is by Fatou’s. Hence, X∫fdμ≤n→∞liminf∫fdμn \end{proof}
\begin{proof} By Monotone Convergence Theorem we have ∫v(x)μ(dx)=n→∞lim∫vn(x)μ(dx)=n→∞lim(k→∞lim∫vn(x)μk(dx))≤n→∞lim(k→∞liminf∫vn(d)μk(dx))≤k→∞liminf∫v(x)μk(dx)(MCT)(Portmanteau)(w.c of μ)(MCT)so we first apply MCT to get an integral in terms of a continuous and bounded function. This allows us to apply Portmanteau’s Theorem to then write the integral as a limit of the measure, we then get the inequality from the fact that vn∈Cb(X) meaning the integral itself is continuous and bounded by the Feller Property property of μk and hence is lower semicontinuous. Then we apply MCT again to take the limit of the function.
\end{proof}
Therefore, if μn is a sequence in Fm converging to μ; we have thatm≥n→∞liminf∫μn(dx)v(x)≥∫μ(dx)v(x) and therefore ∫μ(dx)v(x)≤m. This shows that μ∈Fm, and therefore the set Fm is Closed.